High-speed hammer

ABSTRACT

A HAMMER IN WHICH A RESILIENTLY SUPPORTED FRAME IS PROVIDED WITH A STAMPING SPACE AND A WORKING CHAMBER IN THE LATTER OF WHICH IN A HIGH PRESSURE GAS SERVING AS AN ENERGY CARRIER. A RAM LOCATED IN THE STAMPING SPACE HAS A HOLLOW ROD EXTENDING IN SEALED RELATION INTO THE WORKING CHAMBER. A HOLLOW PISTON EXTENDS INTO THE ROD AND FURTHER PISTON EXTENDS INTO THE HOLLOW PISTON, BOTH PISTONS BEING ACCOMMODATED IN A CYLINDER COUPLED TO SAID WORKING CHAMBER. BALLS SEATED IN THE HOLLOW PISTON ENGAGE THE ROD UNTIL RELEASED BY MOVEMENT OF SAID FURTHER PISTON.

HIGH- SPEED HAMMER l. L. MAKHTJUK F'iled June 20, 1969 Nov. 30, 1971 i/v/W/ i m 5 A United States Patent C) 3,623,351 HIGH-SPEED HAMMER IosifLvovich Makhtjuk, Prospekt Truda 60, kv. 11; Petr Pavlovich Matviets,Ulitsa Fr. Engelsa 70, kv. 24; Igor Vasilievich Fomichev, UlitsaKoltsovskaya 82, kv. 6; Anatoly Alexandrovich Bocherov, UlitsaKoltsovskaya 82, kv. 48; Mikhail Andreevich Goncharenko, UlitsaKardashova 2, kv. 2; and Viktor Mikhailovich N ovikov, UlitsaPeshestreletskaya 125, kv. 76, all of Voronezh, U.S.S.R.

Filed June 20, 1969, Ser. No. 834,965 Int. Cl. B21j 7/24 US. Cl. 72-4453 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A hammer in which a resilientlysupported frame is provided with a stamping space and a working chamberin the latter of which is a high pressure gas serving as an energycarrier. A ram located in the stamping space has a hollow rod extendingin sealed relation into the working chamber. A hollow piston extendsinto the rod and a further piston extends into the hollow piston, bothpistons being accommodated in a cylinder coupled to said workingchamber. Balls seated in the hollow piston engage the rod until releasedby movement of said further piston.

This invention relates to forging and pressing equipment, and moreparticularly to high-speed anvilless hammer.

Known in the prior art are high-speed anvilless hammers comprising aframe mounted on a resilient base and incorporating a working chamberand ram, the rod of the latter entering the working chamber. The upperend face of the rod carries an engaging element having the shape of thedisc by means of which the ram is retained in starting position owing tothe effect of a gas, contained in the working chamber.

The known hammers possess a number of essential disadvantagesrestricting the field of their application.

Among these disadvantages are the following: the necessity to use aspecial drive for lifting the ram into the starting position; the lackof the rod working stroke adjustment; a large mass which characterizesthe engaging element and which limits the field of application of thehammer, due to the hazard of the rods longitudinal bending; largeconsumption of energy when the hammer is in operation.

An object of this invention is to eliminate the abovementioneddisadvantages.

The invention is aimed at the provision of a highspeed anvilless hammersuitable for a wide variety of applications, said hammer permitting oflifting the rod with the working tool, in particular, with the ram, intothe starting position by means of an energy carrier, without resortingto a special drive, said hammer further permitting of adjusting theworking stroke of the rod.

This object is at least partly achieved by the use of a mechanismintended to adjust the working stroke of the rod which is installedabove the working chamber, this adjusting mechanism being so designedthat it insures the rod lifting into the starting position by means ofthe en ergy carrier contained in the working chamber.

The mechanism for adjusting the working stroke of the rod shouldpreferably have the form of a hydraulic cylinder with a hollow piston,one of its spaces communicating with the working chamber.

It is also preferable that the lower part of the hollow piston have anumber of seats accommodating rolling ice bodies insuring interaction ofthe hollow cylinder and the engaging element.

The hammer disclosed herein is suitable for performing variousoperations in connection with the treatment of various blanks (descalingprior to stamping, preliminary upsetting of the blank, stamping of bothsymmetrical and asymmetrical workpieces, as well as stamping ofworkpieces in two successive stages without additional heating).

The hammer moreover possesses a stamping space 40% greater than that ofthe conventionally known hammers, because there is no need for a specialdrive for lifting the rod into the starting position.

The introduction of the rod stroke adjusting mechanism insures a higherefficiency and output of the hammer.

The hammer furthermore has a simpler design, compared with knownhammers, is convenient in operation and permits of using the upper tooldirectly without a ram, for example, a punch which, in turn, insuresahigher speed of stamping and improves the accuracy of processingforgings and workpieces.

The invention is further disclosed by way of example with reference tothe sole figure in the accompanying drawing illustrating a high-speedanvilless hammer according to this invention in longitudinal section.

In the drawing, a bed 1 supports a frame 3 installed on shock absorbers2 and movable along guides 4 in vertical direction.

The frame 3 has a lower port provided with a stamping space 5.

Located in the upper part of the frame is a working chamber 6 containinghigh-pressure gas, and a hydraulic cylinder 7, one of its spaces 8communicating with the working chamber 6.

A hollow rod 9 of a ram 12 is located in guides 10 and is provided witha seal 11.

The ram 12 is movable in a vertical direction in guides 13. In the upperpart of the hollow rod 9 there is a bead 14 serving as an engagingelement, which retains the rod with the ram in the starting position.

The hydraulic cylinder 7 accommodates a hollow piston 15, its lower parthaving seats with steel balls 16.

The hollow piston 15 accommodates another piston 17, with a circularrecess 18 in its bottom part. Passages 19 and 20 connect a space 21located above the hollow piston 15 and a space 22 located above thepiston 17 to the hammer control system (not shown in the drawing).

To deliver an impact, fluid is fed into space 22 through the passage 20from the pressure pipe (not shown in the drawing). The piston 17 travelsdownwardly overcoming the resistance of the gas, flowing in from thelower space 8 of the hydraulic cylinder 7. During the movement of thepiston 17, the balls 16 slip down into the circular recess 18, thusdisengaging the rod 9 of the ram 12 from the hollow piston 15. The rammoves down at a high speed and delivers an impact.

Following this, the working fluid is admitted into the space 21 throughthe passage 19, and the piston 15, over-coming the pressure of the gas,entering the hydraulic cylinder lower space 8 from the working chamber,moves downward. At this stage the piston 17 is still subjected to thepressure of the fluid, while the balls 16 remain in the circular recess18. Owing to this, the lower part of the hollow piston 15 is allowed toenter the hollow rod 9 of the ram 12. Next, the passage 20 is connectedby means of a respective valve of the control system to a drain pipe(not shown in the drawing). The piston 17 actuated by the pressure ofthe gas admitted from the lower space 8 of the hydraulic cylinder 7 anddisplacing the fluid from the space 22 now begins moving upwards. Theballs 16 come out of the circular recess, and the rod of the ram 12engages the hollow piston 15.

The passage 19 is connected through a respective valve of the controlsystem to a drain pipe (not shown in the drawing), and the piston 15,together with the ram, under the action of the working gas begins movingupwards, simultaneously displacing the fluid from the space 21.

What we claim is:

1. A high-speed hammer comprising a resilient base, an engaging element,a frame mounted on said resilient base and provided with a workingchamber filled with an energy carrier and a stamping space intended toaccommodate a working tool and workpiece; a rod with an end face locatedin the stamping space and carrying said working tool, the rod having anopposite end face located in the working chamber and carrying saidengaging element by means of which said rod is retained in a startingposition; adjustment means for the adjustment of the rod working stroke,said adjustment means being positioned above the working chamber andenabling lifting of the rod to the starting position by means of theenergy carrier contained in the working chamber.

2. A high-speed hammer as claimed in claim 1, in which said adjustmentmeans includes a hydraulic cylinder and a hollow piston in saidcylinder, said cylinder being provided with a space communicating withthe References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,096,831 7/1963 Adams '724533,194,049 7/1965 Riemenschneider 72-453 3,411,340 11/1968 Akira Asari72-453 3,425,261 2/1969 Akira Asari 72450 3,427,856 2/1969 Akira Asari72-450 3,427,857 2/1969 Akira Asari 7'2450 RICHARD J. HERBST, PrimaryExaminer G. P. CROSBY, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

